Can aflatoxin M1 in milk increase over time?
The concentration of Aflatoxin M1 in milk can increase over time if the milk is stored improperly or under conditions that promote the growth of aflatoxin-producing molds. The main source of Aflatoxin M1 in milk is Aflatoxin B1-contaminated feed consumed by the animals, which is then metabolized in the ruminant and excreted as Aflatoxin M1 in the animals milk. Proper storage of milk, both on the farm and during transportation and processing, is essential to minimize the risk of an increase in aflatoxin contamination.
If the milk already contains a small amount of Aflatoxin M1 and you want to consider reasons that might increase its concentration during storage and handling, here are the possible reasons:
1. Inadequate Refrigeration: If the milk is not properly refrigerated and stored at temperatures above 4°C (39°F), it can encourage the growth of aflatoxin-producing molds and result in increased Aflatoxin M1 levels.
2. Extended Storage: The longer milk is stored, the greater the potential for mold growth and aflatoxin accumulation. Extended storage periods without proper cooling can lead to higher concentrations.
3. Cross-Contamination: If milk is stored in containers or tanks that were previously contaminated with aflatoxin, it can introduce additional aflatoxin into the milk.
4. Poor Container Hygiene: Inadequate cleaning and sanitization of milk storage containers or equipment can contribute to mold and aflatoxin contamination.
5. Temperature Fluctuations: Frequent temperature fluctuations in storage can create conditions conducive to mold growth, which in turn can result in increased Aflatoxin M1 levels.
6. Humidity: High humidity in storage areas can provide the moisture necessary for mold growth and aflatoxin production.
7. Contaminated Environment: If the storage area is contaminated with aflatoxin-producing molds, they can continue to contaminate stored milk
